![]() ![]() It binds to the surface of immune cells or interacts with receptor proteins of the complement system.Īll immunoglobulin types exhibit dual functionality: binding to viruses or bacteria and mediating biological immune responses such as complement system activation, opsonization, and neutralization of microbial toxins and viruses. The constant region is typically the tail of the antibody called the fragment of crystallization (Fc). The region of the antigen that binds to the antigen-binding site is called an epitope. The upper, two-arm part is called a variable region.Īs the name implies, the constant region does not change from one immunoglobulin type to another, but the variable region does.įurthermore, the variable region of the antibody, called the fragment of antigen-binding (Fab) site, binds to specific antigens.The bottom part is called a constant region.This Y-shaped structure is divided into two regions: The polypeptide chains represent different types of Ig that are held together with a disulfide bridge and form a Y-shaped structure. Immunoglobulins are Y-shaped globular proteins about 10 nm in size and 150kDa in molecular weight.Īll immunoglobulins consist of four common polypeptide subunits: For example, gamma globulins (a major immunoglobulin) are used as immunotherapy for treating multiple viral infections, bacterial infections, and autoimmune disorders associated with humoral immune deficiency. Medical researchers have taken advantage of different immunoglobulin types and their functions to treat various disorders. ![]() These immunological responses may include primary immune deficiency diseases or autoimmune diseases (a condition in which immune cells attack the healthy cells of the body). Safe IVIG AdministrationĪny genetic abnormality detected in our bodies during antibody processing or any variation in the normal immunoglobulin levels will increase the risk of developing various immunological diseases. Each vary based on their functions, chemical structure, biological features, distribution, and target specificity. There are five different types o f immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE). The antibody-mediated humoral immune response kills the invading microbes and prevents infections from spreading to other parts. The primary function of different types of Ig is to produce an antibody-mediated response by binding to the foreign antigen. Body Fluids That Contain Immunoglobulins: This specificity of different immunoglobulin types makes the body’s immune system more active against multiple pathogenic invasions. Plasma cells produce specific antibodies against a particular antigen.įor instance, antibodies released by plasma cells against the COVID-19 virus will only bind to the COVID-19 virus and not any other virus or bacteria. Speak to a Specialist About IV Immunoglobin Therapy What Are the Functions of Immunoglobulins? Immunoglobulins protect us against: Immunoglobulins Blood Test and Their Indications.Diseases Related to Immunoglobulin Deficiency.Immunoglobulin Types and Their Functions.What Are the Functions of Immunoglobulins?. ![]()
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